INDENTIFICATION OF THE CAUSES OF FIRST TRIMESTER VAGINAL BLEEDING AND FETOMATERNAL OUTCOMES IN THREATENED ABORTION

• Japji Kaur Sandhu,*  
• Sangeeta Pahwa

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: A pregnancy may end in a live birth, spontaneous miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth. Approximately one-fourth of women will have first trimester bleeding, and about half of those women will have spontaneous abortion and approximately 50% will continue with a normally progressing pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To identify the various causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding To determine maternal and fetal outcomes in threatened abortion METHODS: This study was carried out on pregnant females who present to our tertiary care hospital with first trimester vaginal bleeding from January 2023-March 2024 and met inclusion criteria. Total 133 females were enrolled in the study. 31 lost to follow up. Data of 102 females was collected and results were compiled. Patients of threatened abortion were followed up for maternal and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: Majority 41(40.20%) cases in the study were of 26 -30 years age group with mean gestational age of 9.52+/- 2.76 weeks. 51.96% cases were threatened abortion followed by 18.62% cases missed abortion, 13.72% cases incomplete abortion, 7.85% ectopic pregnancy, 3.92% complete abortion, 2.51% inevitable abortion and one (0.98%) case of molar pregnancy. Cases of threatened abortion were followed for outcome and preterm labour was seen in 49% cases, PROM in 35.8%, placenta previa in 20.7%, abruptio placenta in 13.2%, PIH in 11.3%, IUFD in 7.574%, second trimester complete abortion in 6.7% and PPH in 3.8%. Out of total 46 live babies 27(58.69%) had low birth weight. 31(67.39%) had APGAR score above seven at 1 min while 15 cases (32.61%) had below seven and also required NICU admission. CONCLUSION: Patients presenting with first trimester bleeding should be categorized as high risk patients and be monitored actively. Research evidence supports merit in conducting further investigations to identify the most reliable predictors of adverse pregnancy outcome in women experiencing first trimester vaginal bleeding.

Keywords

Abortion, Preterm labor, PROM, Ectopic, Molar pregnancy,First Trimester