Long-Term Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Comprehensive Study on Health Risks and Complications

• Alka Rai,  
• Akanksha Gupta,  
• Sanjeev Kumar Yadav,*  
• Rinki Kumari

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common hormonal disorder, carries long-term health risks beyond just reproductive issues. Women with PCOS experience irregular menstrual cycles and elevated androgen levels, but they also face a higher risk of developing chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular disease due to underlying metabolic disturbances.This study examines the health risks and complications linked to PCOS, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fertility issues. The goal is to develop improved management strategies for women with PCOS. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, involving nearly 200 women diagnosed with PCOS and over 300 control women without PCOS matched by age. Medical records, lab tests, and interviews were used to gather data. Body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar, insulin levels, cholesterol profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), menstrual history, and cardiovascular health markers were measured. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant differences between the groups. Results: The study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of insulin resistance (72% vs 25%) and type 2 diabetes (35% vs 10%) in the PCOS group. Additionally, risk factors for cardiovascular disease were also elevated, with higher rates of high blood pressure (45% vs 20%), abnormal cholesterol levels (60% vs 30%), and increased CRP levels. Fertility issues were more common in the PCOS group, with 80% experiencing anovulation (lack of ovulation) and 50% reporting infertility (compared to 10% in controls). Conclusion: PCOS significantly increases the risk of developing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and fertility problems. Effective management requires a collaborative approach involving lifestyle changes, medications, and regular monitoring to reduce these risks and improve long-term health for women with PCOS.

Keywords

PCOS, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, infertility, metabolic syndrome