- Visibility 770 Views
- Downloads 677 Downloads
- Permissions
- DOI 10.18231/j.ijogr.v.12.i.3.13
-
CrossMark
Risk factors associated with early and late onset preeclampsia in national referral centre hospital
- Author Details:
-
Johnny . *
-
Judi Januadi Endjun
-
Jessica Nathalia
Jessica Nathalia
Background: To investigate what conditions or risk factors can cause early onset preeclampsia and late onset preeclampsia.
Materials and Methods: This was an retrospective analysis with a cross sectional design. The data was collected using medical records, which include maternal data, medical history, and obstetric history. Risk factors associated with preeclampsia were studied between early onset preeclampsia and late onset preeclampsia. Risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.
Results: The data obtained showed that all samples in the early onset preeclampsia group had a previous history of hypertension, gestational diabetes and diabetes mellitus. Risk factors associated with early onset preeclampsia were maternal age (Odd ratio [OR] 1.61, 95% Confident Interval [CI] 1.24-5.12), chronic hypertension (OR 5.97, 95% CI 3.10-8.37), history of preeclampsia with incident (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.46-6.36). Risk factors associated with late onset preeclampsia were maternal age (OR 1.25, 95% CI 2.12-6.31), chronic hypertension (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41-3.92), BMI (OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.95-7.11).
Conclusion: Although they share some etiological features, they also differ with respect to other risk factors. The two preeclampsia types should be treated as distinct entities from an etiological standpoint.
References
- American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Practice Bulletins--Gynecology. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Medical management of abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;97(4 Suppl):1–13.
- WHO. Maternal mortality [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023 [cited 2023 May 8]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/maternal- mortality.
- Gomathy E, Akurati L, Radhika K. Early onset and late onset preeclampsia-maternal and perinatal outcomes in a rural tertiary health center. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2018;7(6):2266.
- Karrar SA, Martingano DJ, Hong PL. Preeclampsia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574768/. Accessed August 7, 2025.
- Bej P, Chhabra P, Sharma AK, Guleria K. Determination of risk factors for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in a tertiary hospital of India: a case control study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2013;2(4):371–5. 436 Johnnyet al. / Indian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research 2025;12(3):432–436
- Kasriatun K, Kartasurya MI, Nugraheni SA. Faktor risiko internal dan eksternal preeklampsia di wilayah Kabupaten Pati Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia. 2019;7(1):30–8.
- Rahmawati L, Amalia FE, Kahar M, Rahayu ET, Nurfadillah D, Samuel M, et al. Literature review: faktor-faktor risiko terjadinya preeklampsia pada ibu hamil. J Ilm Perekam Inf Kesehat Imelda. 2022;5(2):7.
- Tyas BD, Lestari P, Akbar MIA. Maternal perinatal outcomes related to advanced maternal age in preeclampsia pregnant women. J Family Reprod Health. 2019;13(4):191–200.
- Li XL, Chen TT, Dong X, Gou WL, Lau S, Stone P, et al. Early onset preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies correlates with early onset preeclampsia in first pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014;177:94–9.
- Aksornphusitaphong A, Phupong V. Risk factors of early and late onset pre-eclampsia. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2013;39(3):627–31.
- Robillard PY, Dekker G, Scioscia M, Saito S. Progress in the understanding of the pathophysiology of immunologic maladaptation related to early-onset preeclampsia and metabolic syndrome related to late-onset preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;226(2):S867–75.
- Fernández Alba JJ, Mesa Páez C, Vilar Sánchez A, Soto Pazos E, González Macías MC, Serrano Negro E, et al. El sobrepeso y la obesidad como factores de riesgo de estados hipertensivos del embarazo: un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(4):874–80.
- Bodnar LM, Catov JM, Klebanoff MA, Ness RB, Roberts JM. Prepregnancy body mass index and the occurrence of severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Epidemiology. 2007;18(2):234–9.
- Lopez-Jaramillo P, Barajas J, Rueda-Quijano SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Felix C. Obesity and preeclampsia: common pathophysiological mechanisms. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1838.
- Nelson DB, Ziadie MS, McIntire DD, Rogers BB, Leveno KJ. Placental pathology suggesting that preeclampsia is more than one disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;210(1):66.
- Li XL, Guo PL, Xue Y, Gou WL, Tong M, Chen Q. An analysis of the differences between early and late preeclampsia with severe hypertension. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2016;6(1):47–52.