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Exploring the patterns of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: unravelling implications and outcomes

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Review Article

Author Details : Manju Mathesan*, Shanthi Ethirajan

Volume : 11, Issue : 4, Year : 2024

Article Page : 534-539

https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2024.096

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Abstract

Background: Thrombocytopenia, characterized by reduced platelet count, is a hematological disorder that can manifest during pregnancy. The intricate physiological changes of pregnancy and underlying medical conditions contribute to the complexity of thrombocytopenia, impacting both maternal health and fetal outcomes.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study conducted from March 2022 to November 2023 at Saveetha Medical College. Participants included pregnant women aged 18-40 got admitted and regular blood tests assessed platelet counts, with additional data collected on demographics, medical history, and lifestyle. Maternal outcomes and fetal/neonatal outcomes were monitored. Statistical analysis employed descriptive statistics and regression analysis.
Results: Out of 1980 deliveries, 88 patients (4.4%) had thrombocytopenia. Causes included gestational thrombocytopenia (42%), dengue (32%), severe pre-eclampsia (11%), eclampsia (6%), immune thrombocytopenia (4%), scrub typhus (2%), HELLP syndrome (2%), and partial HELLP syndrome (1%). Temporal distribution revealed 77% of diagnoses in the third trimester, emphasizing late pregnancy onset. Thrombocytopenia severity showed 69% mild, 30% moderate, and 1% severe cases. Primiparous women were more likely to present with severe thrombocytopenia (p=0.03). Perinatal outcomes depend upon the causes of thrombocytopenia in mother which includes fetal growth retardation (9%), neonatal thrombocytopenia (4%), birth asphyxia (3%), and intrauterine death (2%).
Conclusion: This study contributes comprehensive insights into thrombocytopenia during pregnancy, identifying diverse causes and highlighting the importance of monitoring. The findings inform clinical practice, enhance prenatal care, and emphasize the need for early detection and individualized interventions.
 

Keywords: Thrombocytopenia, Maternal outcome, Perinatal outcome, Fetal outcome.

How to cite : Mathesan M, Ethirajan S, Exploring the patterns of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: unravelling implications and outcomes. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res 2024;11(4):534-539

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